The Phonological System and Change

 

Go to the relevant discussion by clicking on the section headings below. We will organise our discussion under the different interesting changes in the pronunciation of English; there is no attempt to give an exhaustive or even a representative description of changes. (A reminder: most sections employ the phonetic alphabet. If you haven’t uploaded Times Roman Phonetic into your computer, you won’t be able to read the pages properly. Go to the homepage for instructions.)

 

When you’re ready to take the quiz based on this topic, go to the Canvas page and click on ‘Quiz’ on the left, and then on ‘Phonology’.

 

A. What is phonology?

B. Splits and mergers

C. The Great Vowel Shift

D. Rhoticity

E. The Intervocalic Ts

 

I need to add that it is not the aim of this module to give you a complete description of English phonemes. We will give you sufficient background to be able to describe some changes and developments unambiguously.

 

Website on the Great Vowel Shift

This website from Furman University (http://facweb.furman.edu/~mmenzer/gvs/what.htm) which contains some sound files to illustrate the changes. (Warning: does not always work!)

 

Listening to Chaucer (?1340–1400)

There are lots of YouTube videos. Do a search, some of them set to music and in the form of raps! This is a straightforward one of the opening: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eO2SDfAOuI

 

Links

Here are some sites that you can go to, many containing audio files. Please click here to download Real Player if you haven’t already got it.

You can also go to Peter Ladefoged’s website based on his book that also contains sound files for you to listen to how the phonetic symbols are pronounced: http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/vowels/contents.html

 

The newsgroup alt.usage.english has an audio archive, including a link explaining the International Phonetic Alphabet (and an adaptation of it for use with an ordinary computer keyboard without special phonetic fonts): http://alt-usage-english.org/audio_archive.shtml

 

There is a lot of material in the BBC’s Oral History Collection in .ram format: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/audio_video/audio/oralhist_index.shtml

 

There is also a BBC Radio 4 programme about accents entitled The Routes of English, and the material (including sound files) are available the BBC Online website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/series3.shtml

 

The International Dialects of English Archive (in the University of Kansas) has recordings of many accents available from here: http://web.ku.edu/~idea/

For a more extensive list of links, try going to the links page for the TV2 Listening Course by Bert Schouten based in the Netherlands: http://www.let.uu.nl/~bert.schouten/personal/Engels/TV2/accents.htm and contains sound clips arranged according to accent.

If you are confident about your ability to identify English accents, you can take this quiz at this site:

http://www.let.uu.nl/~bert.schouten/personal/Engels/TV2/quiz.htm

 

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